The fact that the dictionary lists this sort of thing as an attack doesn't mean the game designers intended the effect to work that way, but try getting a room full of rules lawyers to agree on a common definition for the word 'attack'. Many years ago a player in one of my games made the argument that an insult from another character constituted a verbal attack and should therefore set off a magical effect that was triggered by any attack. If your destination had to be in one specific relative location however, there would be no chance of accidentally routing to Madison.
So if you use Teleport based on incomplete images of the US Capitol you could end up in Madison or Washington D.C. People in Hollywood shoot video at the Wisconsin State Capitol all the time because the two buildings are visually and thematically similar. For example, let's say you want to teleport to the United States Capitol. But if the relative location of that area were important, this wouldn't be an issue. You can end up in an area that’s visually or thematically similar to the target area if you aren't careful. One of the most challenging concerns built into the Teleport spell has always been the issue of Similar Areas. Through multiple editions the game has dealt with things like teleporting on and off of moving ships, airships, and even spelljammers without any problem.
It can be a place that stands still or a place that moves. Concepts like relative motion aren't really relevant in the rules for teleport. Try not to get overly philosophical with things like this. The idea that it isn't the same destination anymore is going to give you fits.